@chemelearninghub: 🔍 Crude Oil Refining – Fractional Distillation Explained This animation illustrates how crude oil is separated into useful components through fractional distillation in a distillation column: 1. Heating: Crude oil is first heated to ~350–400°C in a furnace until it vaporizes into a mixture of hydrocarbon gases and liquid. 2. Entry into the Distillation Column: The vapor enters the bottom of the tall fractionating column, which has a temperature gradient—hot at the bottom, cooler at the top. 3. Rising & Condensing: As vapors rise, they cool. Different hydrocarbon fractions condense at different heights based on their boiling points. 4. Collection of Fractions: Top: Refinery gases (C1–C4) like methane and propane Upper trays: Gasoline (petrol) (C5–C10) Middle: Kerosene (jet fuel), Diesel (C10–C20) Lower trays: Fuel oils, Lubricating oils Bottom: Residue like bitumen (used in roads and roofing) Each fraction is drawn off and further refined or blended for commercial use. This process is key to turning raw crude into fuels and materials we use daily. Source: GraphicsRF #chemicalengineering #engineeringstudent #oilandgas #refinery #engineering

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Thursday 01 May 2025 15:20:19 GMT