) is greater than 0.5 fm. Again, the diameter of the flux tubes remains approximately constant as the quarks move to large separations. As it costs energy to expel the vacuum field fluctuations, a linear confinement potential is felt between quarks in baryons as well as mesons" - @blackbirdphys"/> ) is greater than 0.5 fm. Again, the diameter of the flux tubes remains approximately constant as the quarks move to large separations. As it costs energy to expel the vacuum field fluctuations, a linear confinement potential is felt between quarks in baryons as well as mesons" - @blackbirdphys - Tikwm"/> ) is greater than 0.5 fm. Again, the diameter of the flux tubes remains approximately constant as the quarks move to large separations. As it costs energy to expel the vacuum field fluctuations, a linear confinement potential is felt between quarks in baryons as well as mesons" - @blackbirdphys"/>
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@blackbirdphys: #greenscreen credits to Derek Leinweber for the fantastic simulations of the flux tubes. An excerpt from his site: . . . "The manner in which QCD vacuum fluctuations are expelled from the interior region of a baryon like the proton is animated at right. The positions of the three quarks composing the proton are illustrated by the coloured spheres. The surface plot illustrates the reduction of the vacuum action density in a plane passing through the centers of the quarks. The vector field illustrates the gradient of this reduction. The positions in space where the vacuum action is maximally expelled from the interior of the proton are also illustrated by the tube-like structures, exposing the presence of flux tubes. A key point of interest is the distance at which the flux-tube formation occurs. The animation indicates that the transition to flux-tube formation occurs when the distance of the quarks from the centre of the triangle (< r >) is greater than 0.5 fm. Again, the diameter of the flux tubes remains approximately constant as the quarks move to large separations. As it costs energy to expel the vacuum field fluctuations, a linear confinement potential is felt between quarks in baryons as well as mesons"

Dr. Ibrahim | Blackbirdphys
Dr. Ibrahim | Blackbirdphys
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Comments

twofromtpot2763
𝙊𝙎𝘾𝙏𝙖𝙣𝙪𝙠𝙞 💭🏝|🍪📱 :
the quarks don't have letters in a serif font printed on them?
2025-07-23 23:40:05
164
smithr373
Robert :
Love to here about the Glue and quark, it's mechanism and the electrons mechanism in comparison. 🍎
2025-07-23 19:50:39
0
orion.nebula709
Orion nebula :
Yea… I got the same answer, I think
2025-07-24 00:09:17
0
discoverer.khumalo
Discoverer Khumalo :
more logical 😅
2025-07-24 01:08:27
0
climberfan307sorter
♡sdfiufdhufdsifd⛧ :
Wish i was smart
2025-07-24 17:48:54
0
exxhation
Exhaustus :
Now this is content 👌
2025-07-23 20:24:21
1
dr.mgaak
dr mgaak :
huh. didn't know that. nice.
2025-07-23 20:53:45
1
mmmar187
mm Mar :
I’ve been saying this
2025-07-23 23:17:25
1
shamansafford
Shaman B :
The more you know!
2025-07-23 18:01:13
2
jorge.physics.phd
jorge.physics :
Need to get the fix submitted
2025-07-23 18:04:07
3
dragbeat
Optima :
I already knew it
2025-07-23 23:30:34
2
jamessarantidis
DimiSarantidis :
Do quarks rotate? If it spins really fast, maybe a sphere is a good enough approximation.
2025-07-24 03:36:02
0
.l.i.a.100
Lia :
What about a cube of quarks? Would it look like the bubble thing?
2025-07-23 20:01:13
0
hungovercircumflex
HungOver^ :
what do you mean when you say three quarks not always lie on a nice plane? shouldn't there literally always be a plane that fits?
2025-07-23 18:55:10
2
al465110
mokowmzs3pp :
What would a tetraquark (or pentaquark) flux tube look like?
2025-07-24 07:19:46
3
bigmoser
Moser :
I’m a moderately smart guy but I’ve never had a handle on “gauge”. Could you maybe help out with an understandable explanation for us non physicists? Thanks.
2025-07-24 00:10:20
1
williamcourtland
williamcourtland :
While the Proton is far more complex than the image I have included, the conditional shape is rationally spherical, yet will argument to the shape of its surroundings in slight formulations, and will heavily transmute in shape when in atomic conditions. The Photon is a sheet upon a proton, Neutron, electron. The proton is sheets of photons, different waveforms trapped in a sinoid loop, the particle nature of the Proton is layers of spheres that are all bound by gravity to a universal core, yet at this scale the Hypo-atomic spheres are monopoles, with a completion of index opposition at the core. All sub-atomic particles have a singularity, a core, and an event horizon. When in matrices with other sub-atomic particles, the top-most or outermost layer combines the to enclose every element, as valence electrons are bound by the extensions of the same. In formulation the sub-atomic is the 6th exponentiation of the compounding material effect of spheres on spheres, scale continues until the sphere is no longer relevant, and is a proxy only a mirror or reflex and response state of single component entities, like planes, enclosed bar circles upon planes, or lines, or points on a line. You can't go much smaller without denoting a negative dimension. Zero is just the Start, and the start of our rate and position of time is in an infinite, yet the space is modular, and relative to amounts of change possible: life in a singularity would be fast, while the polar absolutes of totality are basically stopped...
2025-07-23 18:16:06
2
lav.davka
Grilled Cheese :
I first encountered Gauge Invariance mentioned in EM as an undergraduate, that we can define the vector potential A, satisfying B=∇xA, up to a adding the gradient of a scalar field to A, as A'=A+∇χ, since the curl of a scalar field is zero. A nice choice of gauge χ is such that ∇•A'=0, that is ∇²χ=-(ψ:=∇•A), which is just the task of the solving Poisson equation, which is usually nice to do with Green's Functions 😅
2025-07-23 19:12:27
6
..pensive
pensive :
and this is why QCD gives nightmares to incoming grads 😭
2025-07-23 18:01:37
51
d0ngmaster
Lucy Lewitt :
nah stuff is made of circles
2025-07-23 22:41:05
0
commrad_ypu
Ypu :
@Dr. Blitz effed me up about neutrons. He mentioned they decay into a proton, an electron, and an “electron anti-neutrino”. What the heck is an “electron anti-neutrino”? Do stars need them to make neutrons in the first place? If everything is hydrogen then where do stars get them?
2025-07-23 19:11:31
1
ocelot81_
ocelot81 :
🔥🔥🔥
2025-07-23 22:39:36
1
genuis63
Genius :
❤️❤️❤️
2025-07-23 17:57:33
1
commrad_ypu
Ypu :
@Dr. Blitz effed me up about neutrons. He mentioned they decay into a proton, an electron, and an “electron anti-neutrino”. What the heck is an “electron anti-neutrino”? Do stars need them to make neutrons in the first place
2025-07-23 19:09:29
0
dashpl12
Mohammed :
all I can say is, Ya allah, my brain got fried
2025-07-23 17:58:07
1
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