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Monday 28 July 2025 13:40:42 GMT
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Get a Grip! The Hands and Throttle and Stick (H.O.T.A.S.) evolution came from experience in the Viet Nam War. Crewstation (Engineer Speak for Cockpit) listened to stories from Combat pilots regarding better Human Factors in Switch-ology and Ease of making quick changes to Radar Modes, Weapons Selection, and as cockpits evolved Modes of Multi-Function Displays. Aircrew wanted (and needed) the ability to quickly change things in Combat situations with out removing their hands from either or both the Stick and Throttle Grips during critical phases of flight, especially during Air to Air and Air to Ground Combat Situations. Stick Grips had for years (for instance the BA-1 Grip used in many aircraft since the 50's, had 3 Momentary Pushbuttons, a dual stage Trigger and a 4 way
Get a Grip! The Hands and Throttle and Stick (H.O.T.A.S.) evolution came from experience in the Viet Nam War. Crewstation (Engineer Speak for Cockpit) listened to stories from Combat pilots regarding better Human Factors in Switch-ology and Ease of making quick changes to Radar Modes, Weapons Selection, and as cockpits evolved Modes of Multi-Function Displays. Aircrew wanted (and needed) the ability to quickly change things in Combat situations with out removing their hands from either or both the Stick and Throttle Grips during critical phases of flight, especially during Air to Air and Air to Ground Combat Situations. Stick Grips had for years (for instance the BA-1 Grip used in many aircraft since the 50's, had 3 Momentary Pushbuttons, a dual stage Trigger and a 4 way "Coolie Hat" Trim Switch. Throttle Grips usually had a Speed Brake 3 Position Switch, and one or two Momentary action Pushbutton Switches. Post Viet Nam when 4th Gen aircraft such as the new F-16, and F-15 were being developed Stick and Throttle Grips Grew in size and many extra multi-position specialized Switches were Ergonomically added into the Grip Shapes to allow quick access and good "tactile" positive switch actuation giving a pilot many more options to control many more systems and weapons selection, mode changes in Radar, HUD function, FLIR head positioning and many more functions all to be performed with out removing their hands from the Stick and Throttles especially at critical periods of flight. Pilots and Aircrew had to learn to "Play the Picalo" leaning mental/tactile maps of where each finger goes to do what, plus all the mental mapping of what each switch does, and it's alot harder than it looks. In almost every case, the switches can have different functions depending on what master mode is selected. Most of the switches and knobs on the Side Consoles are not used other than at certain times when first Starting the Aircraft and setting up various systems to run as needed or desired. The most used switches and control functions occour on the HOTAS Grips (on Stick and Throttles) followed by the Up Front Control (Or Integrated Control Panel) on the HUD Pilots Display Unit housing in right in Front of them, and then the Multi-Function Display Line Select Keys which are usually on all four sides of each Multi-Funxtion Display Screen. Again, all of these can have many functions and uses depending on what the Pilot needs to do. The Utility has increased exponentially, however Pilots and Aircrew must learn many pages and configurations to use with each switch "Click" etc. When the YF-22A was being developed, Lockheed experimented with "Finger on Glass" CRT Multifunction Displays which used an X/Y matrix of Infra-red emmiters and receivers that sensed when a finger touched a spot on the Screen. The finger "blocked" a vertical and horizontal set of these tiny sensors inside the Displays Bezel which gave the computers a "Plot" of where they touched and then Activated their system as desired. Test Pilots found that accurate finger placement on the Screen was difficult in turbulence or high G conditions, and Lockheed Engineers chose to put traditional Line Select Keys or Buttons around the periphery for the Pilot to Push and get a Tactile "Feedback" or Click so that actuation of a button was very obvious and deliberate. Fast forward only a few years during the Joint Strike Fighter's development, Lockheed and their test pilots and Crewstation Design Engineers returned to "Touch Screen" actuation on their new Large Area Display (A big single Screen Display on the Main Instrument Panel that replaced all the traditional displays and electro-mechanical instruments (There is one 4×4 Back Up Flight Instrument, LCD driven on the lower center pedestal). The display has NO line select keys on its border, and features a direct touch glass for sensing an Aircrew's finger. This newer technology allowed very accurate Screen touching. Evolution. #dcs #FYP #cockpit #go

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